Chapter 26: Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis, represent some of the most challenging and devastating conditions in modern medicine. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) has emerged as a powerful tool in unraveling the complex cellular landscapes of these disorders, offering new insights into neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and potential biomarkers for early diagnosis.

Profiling Neuroinflammation

The role of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases has become increasingly apparent, and CyTOF has been instrumental in characterizing the intricate immune landscapes within the central nervous system (CNS). 

Mrdjen et al. (2018) published a landmark study in Immunity, cited almost 1000 times, “High-dimensional single-cell mapping of central nervous system immune cells reveals distinct myeloid subsets in health, aging, and disease.” Using CyTOF, they created a comprehensive atlas of immune cells in the CNS, revealing previously unknown myeloid cell subsets and their changes in aging and disease.

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